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CSCI E-153, Web Development Using XML

October 31, 2006

Harvard University
Division of Continuing Education
ExtensionSchool

Course Web Site: http://cscie153.dce.harvard.edu/

Copyright 2003-2006 David P. Heitmeyer

Instructor email: david_heitmeyer@harvard.edu
Course staff email: cscie153@fas.harvard.edu

XML and Print

Electronic data and online availability of information has not (yet?) created a paperless world.

Some examples from some Harvard projects:

  • phone/contact lists
  • class lists
  • photo facebooks
  • "studycards" (registering for courses)
  • athletic rosters
  • athletic compliance forms
  • course evaluation reports
  • housing information forms

Why?

Solutions: XSL-FO and CSS

Cascading Stylesheets (CSS)

Formatting Objects

XSL Stylesheet Language Family: Transformation and Formatting Objects

XSL-FO Process

xslfo
Image from XSL-FO by Dave Pawson, O'Reilly, 2002.

Output from an XSL-FO Formatter could be

Basic XSL-FO Example

[ex1.fo] [ex1.pdf]

XSL-FO Formatters

XSL-FO Formatter: Apache FOP

Using Apache FOP

minerva% fop

USAGE
Fop [options] [-fo|-xml] infile [-xsl file] [-awt|-pdf|-mif|-pcl|-ps|-txt|-at|-print] <outfile>
 [OPTIONS]
  -d             debug mode
  -x             dump configuration settings
  -q             quiet mode
  -c cfg.xml     use additional configuration file cfg.xml
  -l lang        the language to use for user information
  -s             (-at output) omit tree below block areas
  -txt.encoding  (-txt output encoding use the encoding for the output file.
                 The encoding must be a valid java encoding.
  -o [password]  pdf file will be encrypted with option owner password
  -u [password]  pdf file will be encrypted with option user password
  -noprint       pdf file will be encrypted without printing permission
  -nocopy        pdf file will be encrypted without copy content permission
  -noedit        pdf file will be encrypted without edit content permission
  -noannotations pdf file will be encrypted without edit annotation permission

 [INPUT]
  infile            xsl:fo input file (the same as the next)
  -fo  infile       xsl:fo input file
  -xml infile       xml input file, must be used together with -xsl
  -xsl stylesheet   xslt stylesheet

 [OUTPUT]
  outfile           input will be rendered as pdf file into outfile
  -pdf outfile      input will be rendered as pdf file (outfile req'd)
  -awt              input will be displayed on screen
  -mif outfile      input will be rendered as mif file (outfile req'd)
  -pcl outfile      input will be rendered as pcl file (outfile req'd)
  -ps outfile       input will be rendered as PostScript file (outfile req'd)
  -txt outfile      input will be rendered as text file (outfile req'd)
  -svg outfile      input will be rendered as an svg slides file (outfile req'd)
  -at outfile       representation of area tree as XML (outfile req'd)
  -print            input file will be rendered and sent to the printer
                    see print specific options with "-print help"

 [Examples]
  Fop foo.fo foo.pdf
  Fop -fo foo.fo -pdf foo.pdf (does the same as the previous line)
  Fop -xsl foo.xsl -xml foo.xml -pdf foo.pdf
  Fop foo.fo -mif foo.mif
  Fop foo.fo -print or Fop -print foo.fo
  Fop foo.fo -awt

When first learning XSL-FO, start with writing the FO file. Then, write the XSLT stylesheet to transform your XML into the XSL-FO. Use Xalan or Saxon to transform your XML into XSL-FO; then use Apache FOP on the XSL-FO file to generate PDF.

When you get the hang of it, you can skip generating an XSL-FO file; given an XML file and an XSLT file, Apache FOP can generate a PDF (the XSL-FO is created in memory).

Using FOP within Cocoon

There is a "fo2pdf" serializer for Cocoon. This is based upon Apache FOP. 
<map:match pattern="**.fo.pdf">
    <map:generate src="{1}.fo"/>
    <map:serialize type="fo2pdf"/>
</map:match>

Basic XSL-FO Example

[ex1.fo] [ex1.pdf] 
minerva% fop ex1.fo ex1.pdf
[INFO] Using org.apache.xerces.parsers.SAXParser as SAX2 Parser
[INFO] FOP 0.20.5
[INFO] Using org.apache.xerces.parsers.SAXParser as SAX2 Parser
[INFO] building formatting object tree
[INFO] setting up fonts
[INFO] [1]
[INFO] Parsing of document complete, stopping renderer

Different Style

[ex2.fo] [ex2.pdf] 
<fo:block font-size="14pt" 
          font-family="sans-serif" 
          line-height="20pt" 
          space-after.optimum="12pt" 
          color="#990000" 
          text-align="center" 
          padding-top="3pt">
CSCI E-153, Website Development Using XML
</fo:block>

processing...

minerva%  fop ex2.fo ex2.pdf
[INFO] Using org.apache.xerces.parsers.SAXParser as SAX2 Parser
[INFO] FOP 0.20.5
[INFO] Using org.apache.xerces.parsers.SAXParser as SAX2 Parser
[INFO] building formatting object tree
[INFO] setting up fonts
[INFO] [1]
[INFO] Parsing of document complete, stopping renderer

Lists

[ex3.fo] [ex3.pdf] 
        <!-- list -->
        <fo:list-block>
          <!-- list item -->
          <fo:list-item>
            <!-- insert a bullet -->
            <fo:list-item-label end-indent="label-end()">
              <fo:block>
                <fo:inline font-family="Symbol">&#8226;
                </fo:inline>
              </fo:block>
            </fo:list-item-label>
            <!-- list text -->
            <fo:list-item-body start-indent="body-start()">
              <fo:block>rake leaves</fo:block>
            </fo:list-item-body>
          </fo:list-item>
          <!-- list item -->
          <fo:list-item>
            <!-- insert a bullet -->
            <fo:list-item-label end-indent="label-end()">
              <fo:block>
                <fo:inline font-family="Symbol">&#8226;
                </fo:inline>
              </fo:block>
            </fo:list-item-label>
            <!-- list text -->
            <fo:list-item-body start-indent="body-start()">
              <fo:block>put in driveway snow plow markers</fo:block>
            </fo:list-item-body>
          </fo:list-item>
          <fo:list-item>
            <!-- insert a bullet -->
            <fo:list-item-label end-indent="label-end()">
              <fo:block>
                <fo:inline font-family="Symbol">&#9824;
                </fo:inline>
              </fo:block>
            </fo:list-item-label>
            <!-- list text -->
            <fo:list-item-body start-indent="body-start()">
              <fo:block>bring in patio furniture</fo:block>
            </fo:list-item-body>
          </fo:list-item>
        </fo:list-block>

Generating XSL-FO from XML and XSLT

[usps.xml] [ex4.xsl] [ex4-usps.fo] [ex4-usps.pdf]

In XSL

<xsl:stylesheet 
  xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
  xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format"
  version="1.0">

Have the template that matches on "/" take care of the XSL-FO "scaffolding", and do the work of the content in other templates:

  <xsl:template match="state">
    <fo:block font-size="12pt" font-family="sans-serif" line-height="15pt"
      space-after.optimum="3pt">
      <xsl:value-of select="@abbreviation"/>
      <xsl:text>: </xsl:text>
      <xsl:value-of select="@name"/>
    </fo:block>
  </xsl:template>

Generating XSL-FO from XML and XSLT

Three ways:

From XSLT: Stepwise

[usps.xml] [ex4.xsl] [ex4-usps.fo] [ex4-usps.pdf] 
minerva% java org.apache.xalan.xslt.Process -in usps.xml -xsl ex4.xsl -out ex4-usps.fo

minerva% fop ex4-usps.fo ex4-usps.pdf
[INFO] Using org.apache.xerces.parsers.SAXParser as SAX2 Parser
[INFO] FOP 0.20.5
[INFO] Using org.apache.xerces.parsers.SAXParser as SAX2 Parser
[INFO] building formatting object tree
[INFO] setting up fonts
[INFO] [1]
[INFO] [2]
[INFO] Parsing of document complete, stopping renderer

From XSLT: FOP

[usps.xml] [ex4.xsl] [ex4-usps.pdf]

xml xslt to pdf

Fop: 

minerva% fop \
> -xml usps.xml \
> -xsl ex4.xsl \
> -pdf ex4-usps.pdf
[INFO] Using org.apache.xerces.parsers.SAXParser as SAX2 Parser
[INFO] FOP 
[INFO] Using org.apache.xerces.parsers.SAXParser as SAX2 Parser
[INFO] building formatting object tree
[INFO] setting up fonts
[INFO] [1]
[INFO] [2]
[INFO] Parsing of document complete, stopping renderer

Cocoon Pipeline

<map:match pattern="fo/usps/ex*.pdf">
  <map:generate src="fo/usps.xml" type="file"/>
  <map:transform src="fo/ex{1}.xsl" type="xslt"/>
  <map:serialize type="fo2pdf"/>
</map:match>

cocoon pipeline

A Table

[usps.xml] [ex5.xsl] [ex5-usps.fo] [ex5-usps.pdf]

XSLT

Set up table:

<fo:table>
  <fo:table-column column-width="1in"/>
  <fo:table-column column-width="4in"/>
  <fo:table-body>
    <xsl:apply-templates select="/usps/state"/>
  </fo:table-body>
</fo:table>

Each state gets a table row:

  <xsl:template match="state">
    <fo:table-row>
      <fo:table-cell>
	<fo:block>
	  <xsl:value-of select="@abbreviation"/>
	</fo:block>
      </fo:table-cell>
      <fo:table-cell>
	<fo:block>
	  <xsl:value-of select="@name"/>
	</fo:block>
      </fo:table-cell>
    </fo:table-row>
  </xsl:template>

Fop:

minerva% fop -xml usps.xml \
> -xsl ex5.xsl \
> -pdf ex5-usps.pdf
[INFO] Using org.apache.xerces.parsers.SAXParser as SAX2 Parser
[INFO] FOP 0.20.5
[INFO] Using org.apache.xerces.parsers.SAXParser as SAX2 Parser
[INFO] building formatting object tree
[INFO] setting up fonts
[INFO] [1]
[WARNING] table-layout=auto is not supported, using fixed!
[INFO] [2]
[INFO] Parsing of document complete, stopping renderer

xsl:attribute-set and xsl:use-attribute-sets

[usps.xml] [ex6.xsl] [ex6-usps.fo] [ex6-usps.pdf]

XSLT

Define attribute sets as a child of xsl:stylesheet:

<!-- define attribute set in XSLT -->
  <xsl:attribute-set name="normal">
    <xsl:attribute name="font-family">Times, serif</xsl:attribute>
    <xsl:attribute name="font-size">12pt</xsl:attribute>
  </xsl:attribute-set>

And then use it:

<!-- and later on use it -->
  <xsl:template match="state">
    <fo:table-row>
      <fo:table-cell>
        <fo:block xsl:use-attribute-sets="normal"> 
          <xsl:value-of select="@abbreviation"/>
        </fo:block>
      </fo:table-cell>
      <fo:table-cell>
        <fo:block xsl:use-attribute-sets="normal"> 
          <xsl:value-of select="@name"/>
        </fo:block>
      </fo:table-cell>
    </fo:table-row>
  </xsl:template>

Fop

minerva% fop -xml usps.xml  \
> -xsl ex6.xsl  \
> -pdf ex6-usps.pdf
[INFO] Using org.apache.xerces.parsers.SAXParser as SAX2 Parser
[INFO] FOP 0.20.5
[INFO] Using org.apache.xerces.parsers.SAXParser as SAX2 Parser
[INFO] building formatting object tree
[INFO] setting up fonts
[INFO] [1]
[WARNING] table-layout=auto is not supported, using fixed!
[INFO] [2]
[INFO] Parsing of document complete, stopping renderer

Can use space-separated list of attribute set names

[usps.xml] [ex6b.xsl] [ex6b-usps.fo] [ex6b-usps.pdf]

Define multiple attribute sets:

  <xsl:attribute-set name="normal">
    <xsl:attribute name="font-family">Helvetica, sans-serif</xsl:attribute>
    <xsl:attribute name="font-size">14pt</xsl:attribute>
  </xsl:attribute-set>
  
  <xsl:attribute-set name="alert">
    <xsl:attribute name="background-color">#ffff00</xsl:attribute>
    <xsl:attribute name="color">#ff0000</xsl:attribute>
  </xsl:attribute-set>

Apply more than one attribute set:

<fo:block xsl:use-attribute-sets="normal alert"> 
     <xsl:value-of select="@abbreviation"/>
</fo:block>

Table Header

[usps.xml] [ex7.xsl] [ex7-usps.fo] [ex7-usps.pdf] 
<!-- child of fo:table -->
<fo:table-header>
  <fo:table-row background-color="#ccccff">
    <fo:table-cell padding="0.5em">
      <fo:block text-align="center" font-weight="bold">
        Abbreviation
      </fo:block>
    </fo:table-cell>
    <fo:table-cell padding="0.5em">
      <fo:block text-align="center" font-weight="bold">
        State Name
      </fo:block>
    </fo:table-cell>
  </fo:table-row>
</fo:table-header>

External Graphic

[usps.xml] [ex8.xsl] [ex8-usps.fo] [ex8-usps.pdf]

usps.jpg
usps.jpg 

<!-- insert external graphic  -->
<fo:block text-align="center">
  <fo:external-graphic src="url(usps.jpg)"/>
</fo:block>

Relative Links

Conferences

[conferences.xml] [ex9.xsl] [ex9-conferences.fo] [ex9-conferences.pdf] 
minerva%  fop -xml conferences.xml  \
> -xsl ex9.xsl  \
> -pdf ex9-conferences.pdf
[INFO] Using org.apache.xerces.parsers.SAXParser as SAX2 Parser
[INFO] FOP 0.20.5
[INFO] Using org.apache.xerces.parsers.SAXParser as SAX2 Parser
[INFO] building formatting object tree
[INFO] setting up fonts
[INFO] [1]
[INFO] Parsing of document complete, stopping renderer

Page Break and Page Headers

[conferences.xml] [ex10.xsl] [ex10-conferences.fo] [ex10-conferences.pdf]

Page Break

<xsl:for-each select="/conferences/school
     [generate-id() = 
      generate-id(key('conference-group',@conference)[1])
     ]">
  <xsl:sort select="@conference"/>
  <fo:block break-before="page" 
            xsl:use-attribute-sets="conference-title">
    <xsl:value-of select="@conference"/>
  </fo:block>
  <xsl:for-each select="key('conference-group',@conference)">
    <xsl:sort select="@name"/>
    <fo:block xsl:use-attribute-sets="normal">
      <xsl:value-of select="@name"/>
    </fo:block>
  </xsl:for-each>
</xsl:for-each>

Page Header

<fo:page-sequence master-reference="simple">
  <!-- fo:static-content for header -->
  <fo:static-content flow-name="xsl-region-before">
    <fo:block font-size="8pt" text-align="end">
      Conferences, Page 
      <fo:page-number/>
    </fo:block>
  </fo:static-content>
  ....

TOC

[conferences.xml] [ex11.xsl] [ex11-conferences.fo] [ex11-conferences.pdf] 
<!-- generate table of contents -->
<fo:block>
  <xsl:for-each select="/conferences/school
       [generate-id() = 
        generate-id(key('conference-group',@conference)[1])
       ]">
    <xsl:sort select="@conference"/>
    <fo:block text-align-last="justify">
      <xsl:value-of select="@conference"/>
      <fo:leader leader-pattern="dots"/>
      <fo:page-number-citation>
        <xsl:attribute name="ref-id">
          <xsl:value-of select="generate-id()"/>
        </xsl:attribute>
      </fo:page-number-citation>
    </fo:block>      
  </xsl:for-each>
</fo:block>

Links

[conferences.xml] [ex12.xsl] [ex12-conferences.fo] [ex12-conferences.pdf] 
<fo:basic-link>
  <xsl:attribute name="internal-destination">
    <xsl:value-of select="generate-id()"/>
  </xsl:attribute>
  <xsl:value-of select="@conference"/>
</fo:basic-link>

jfor: XSL-FO to RTF

jfor: Open-Source Java XSL-FO to RTF converter

Cocoon Serializer: fo2rtf (based on jfor)

<map:match pattern="fo/usps/ex*.rtf">
  <map:generate src="fo/usps.xml"/>
  <map:transform src="fo/ex{1}.xsl"/>
  <map:serialize type="fo2rtf"/>
</map:match>

Examples serialized to RTF

XSL-FO Resources

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG)

SVG is a language for describing two-dimensional graphics and graphical applications in XML. SVG 1.1 is a W3C Recommendation and forms the core of the current SVG developments. SVG 1.2 is the specification currently being developed as is available in draft form (comments welcome). The SVG Mobile Profiles: SVG Basic and SVG Tiny are targetted to resource-limited devices and are part of the 3GPP platform for third generation mobile phones. SVG Print is a set of guidelines to produce final-form documents in XML suitible for archiving and printing.

http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/

Vector Graphics and Bitmap Graphics

Bitmap Graphic

Bitmap Graphic Formats on the Web
  • JPEG
  • GIF
  • PNG
Graphic type in which each pixel that comprises the image is described.

A 100 x 100 pixel bitmap image must encode information about 10,000 pixels.
A 200 x 200 pixel bitmap image must encode information about 40,000 pixels.

Vector Graphic

Vector Graphic Formats on the Web
  • SVG
  • SWF (Flash)
Graphic type in which the image is described by a mathematical description.

Amount of information encoded is independent of the scale of image. For example, a circle is described by the equation
x2 + y2 = r2
whether or not the radius is 100 pixels or 1000 pixels

Zoom: Bitmap

Original image:
bitmap stars		 Magnified (16x)
magnified (16x) bitmap stars

Zoom: Vector

Original image:
Magnified (16x)
magnified (16x) bitmap stars

SVG Examples

Viewing SVG

Using SVG

Sample: United States Flag

Batik Squiggle

Batik SVG Toolkit comes with an SVG viewer, "Squiggle":

java -jar batik-squiggle.jar

On minerva, the latest version of batik is at /usr/local/batik/

Squiggle SVG Browser

Cocoon svg2jpeg and svg2png Serializers

sitemap.xmap entry:

<map:pipeline>
<map:match pattern="svg/*.jpg">
  <map:generate src="svg/{1}.svg"/>
  <map:serialize type="svg2jpeg"/>
</map:match>
<map:match pattern="svg/*.png">
  <map:generate src="svg/{1}.svg"/>
  <map:serialize type="svg2png"/>
</map:match>
<map:match pattern="svg/*.svg">
  <map:generate src="svg/{1}.svg"/>
  <map:serialize type="xml" mime-type="image/svg+xml"/>
</map:match>
</map:pipeline>

Cocoon Directory:

cocoon
|-- sitemap.xmap
`-- svg
    `-- flag.svg

PNG

<img src="example_svg/flag.png" alt="United States Flag"/>

us flag png

JPEG

<img src="example_svg/flag.jpg" />

us flag jpg

SVG

<object data="example_svg/flag.svg" title="United States Flag"
  height="240"
  width="370"/>

An if you need compatibility with HTML, use the "embed" element:

<embed src="example_svg/flag.svg" alt="United States Flag"
  height="240"
  width="370"/>

Main Goals for SVG Unit

  • Understand the concept of SVG
  • Understand the basics of SVG
  • Go forth and learn more, if needed

SVG Readings

General Resources:

Specific Articles:

The Web and Mobile Devices

The World Wide Web -- away from your desktop.

  • Devices
    • laptops
    • phones
    • palm
    • blackberry
    • psp
  • Connectivity
    • wifi
    • cellular/data network
  • HTTP Clients

Efforts from the W3C

Mobile Web Initiative

Mobile Web Initiative

"Mobile access to the Web has been a second class experience for far too long," explained Tim Berners-Lee, W3C Director. "MWI recognizes the mobile device as a first class participant, and will produce materials to help developers make the mobile Web experience worthwhile. "

Device Independence

Working towards seamless Web access and authoring

Mobile Web Design

Mobile Web Design - The Series from Authentic Boredom.

The Harvard College Admissions Site, designed with multiple environments in mind...

With CSS:

admissions

"Opera" Small Screen view:

admission small screen

With No CSS:

admissions_nocss

Markup Languages for Handheld Devices

We will focus on XHTML Mobile Profile and XHTML Basic.

  • Compact HTML (CHTML)
  • Handheld Device ML (HDML)
  • Wireless Markup Language (WML)
  • XHTML Basic
  • XHTML Mobile Profile
  • "Handheld Friendly" HTML

Reading:

Development and Testing

phone simulator

XHTML Modularization

  • HTML 2.0
  • HTML 3.2
  • HTML 4.0
  • XHTML 1.0
  • XHTML Modularization
  • XHTML 1.1

XHTML Modularization

Reading:
Abstract modules defined by XHTML Modularization:
  • Structures (core)
  • Text (core)
  • Hypertext (core)
  • List (core)
  • Applet
  • Text Extension
  • Forms
  • Table
  • Image
  • Client-side Image Map
  • Server-side Image Map
  • Object
  • Frames
  • Target
  • Iframe
  • Intrinsic Events
  • Metainformation
  • Ruby Annotations
  • Scripting
  • Style-sheet
  • Style Attribute
  • Link
  • Base
  • Name Identification

Modularization: Additive and Subtractive DTDs

IGNORE and INCLUDE in DTD

INCLUDE and IGNORE directives in DTDs allow to selectively include XHTML modules, including whether or not prefix is present.

<![IGNORE[
<!ENTITY % xhtml-image.mod
     PUBLIC "-//W3C//ELEMENTS XHTML Images 1.0//EN"
            "xhtml-image-1.mod" >
%xhtml-image.mod;]]>

<![INCLUDE[
<!ENTITY % xhtml-image.mod
     PUBLIC "-//W3C//ELEMENTS XHTML Images 1.0//EN"
            "xhtml-image-1.mod" >
%xhtml-image.mod;]]>
This begins to look useful:
<!ENTITY % xhtml-image.module "INCLUDE" >

<![%xhtml-image.module;[
<!ENTITY % xhtml-image.mod
     PUBLIC "-//W3C//ELEMENTS XHTML Images 1.0//EN"
            "xhtml-image-1.mod" >
%xhtml-image.mod;]]>

As an example look at the XHTML Basic 1.0 DTD

XHTML Basic

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML Basic 1.0//EN"
    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-basic/xhtml-basic10.dtd">

XHTML Basic consists of the following XHTML modules:

Structure Module*
body, head, html, title
Text Module*
abbr, acronym, address, blockquote, br, cite, code, dfn, div, em, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, kbd, p, pre, q, samp, span, strong, var
Hypertext Module*
a
List Module*
dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li
Basic Forms Module
form, input, label, select, option, textarea
Basic Tables Module
caption, table, td, th, tr
Image Module
img
Object Module
object, param
Metainformation Module
meta
Link Module
link
Base Module
base

XHTML Mobile Profile

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD XHTML Mobile 1.0//EN"
  "http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/xhtml-mobile10.dtd">
Reading:

XHTML MP and associates: CSS MP, SVG Tiny and SVG Basic

Different Versions of XHTML: Getting it right

A variety of XHTML flavors: XHTML 1.0 Strict, XHTML 1.0 Transitional, XHTML Basic 1.0, XHTML 1.1, and XHTML Mobile Profile 1.0. We need to provide the appropriate:

  • content
  • document type declaration (public and system doctype)
  • media type

Content

  • Content should be valid
  • Content should be appropriate for device.

Document Type Declaration

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML Basic 1.0//EN" 
  "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-basic/xhtml-basic10.dtd">
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD XHTML Mobile 1.0//EN"
  "http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/xhtml-mobile10.dtd">

Media Type

The W3C has published a note about XHTML Media Types.
  • text/html
  • application/xhtml+xml
  • application/xml
  • text/xml

Controlling Document Type Declaration

XSLT

The xsl:output element allows us to control the document type declaration as well as other aspects of the XML output producted.

<xsl:output
  method="xml"
  encoding="utf-8"
  omit-xml-declaration="no"
  doctype-public="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-basic/xhtml-basic10.dtd"
  doctype-system="-//W3C//DTD XHTML Basic 1.0//EN"
  />

Cocoon

In Cocoon, the output is controlled by the "serializer" (the last step of the pipeline).

Cocoon and Serializers

Some serializers are already defined:

Other serializers are easy to define and use:

  • define a new map:serializer in map:serializers of map:components section of sitemap.xmap
  • use by name in map:serialize

Define in map:serializers in map:components

<map:serializer name="xhtml10basic"
    src="org.apache.cocoon.serialization.XMLSerializer"
    mime-type="application/xhtml+xml">
  <doctype-public>-//W3C//DTD XHTML Basic 1.0//EN</doctype-public>
  <doctype-system>http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-basic/xhtml-basic10.dtd</doctype-system>
  <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
  <indent>yes</indent>
</map:serializer>

Cocoon: XHTML 1.0 Strict and Transitional

We could define two serializers in Cocoon -- one for XHTML 1.0 Transitional, and the other for XHTML 1.0 Strict. In the pipeline, we would simply call the seriazlier that we desired.

Serializers defined:

<map:serializers>
  <map:serializer name="xhtmlt"
    src="org.apache.cocoon.serialization.XMLSerializer"
    mime-type="text/html">
    <doctype-public>-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN</doctype-public>
    <doctype-system>http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd</doctype-system>
  <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
  <indent>yes</indent>
  </map:serializer>
  <map:serializer name="xhtmls"
    src="org.apache.cocoon.serialization.XMLSerializer"
    mime-type="text/html">
    <doctype-public>-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN</doctype-public>
    <doctype-system>http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd</doctype-system>
  <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
  <indent>yes</indent>
  </map:serializer>
</map:serializers>

Serializer used:

<map:match pattern="rss.html">
  <map:generate src="rss.xml" type="file"/>
  <map:transform src="xsl/rss2html.xsl" type="xslt"/>
  <map:serialize type="xhtmlt"/>
</map:match>
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